The effect of soil polluted by diesel oil on the germination of seeds and the growth of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi seedlings was analyzed at different times after contamination of the soil. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions, with four treatments and five repetitions. The four treatments included: soil contaminated 30 (T30), 90 (T90) or 180 (T180) days before planting as well as a non-polluted soil (T0) (control). Soil saturated to 50% of its maximum retention capacity (MRC) was contaminated with diesel oil at a rate of 92.4 mL per kg. The germination rate and germination speed index (GSI) were significantly affected only in T30. The development of the plants was affected significantly in all the treatments, with reductions of biomass and eophyll area. It could be concluded that diesel oil significantly affected the germination, GSI and seedling growth of S. terebinthifolius, but the toxic effect decreased over the time.

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do solo contaminado por petróleo e biorremediado na germinação, crescimento e estrutura anatômica de Allophylus edulis. Foram testados: solo contaminado por petróleo, solo biorremediado e solo não contaminado. Foram avaliados: porcentagem e índice de velocidade de germinação (GSI), biomassa e comprimento radicular e aéreo, biomassa total, diâmetro radicular e do hipocótilo, espessura dos cotilédones e eofilos, área foliar, índice estomático dos eofilos e a estrutura anatômica da plântula. A porcentagem de germinação, GSI, biomassa aérea e área foliar não diferiram entre os tratamentos após 30 dias. A biomassa radicular e o comprimento aéreo foram menores no tratamento sem contaminação. Após 60 dias, a biomassa radicular e a área foliar foram diferentes entre os tratamentos. A espessura do cotilédone, em solo biorremediado, foi maior que nos demais tratamentos. A estrutura radicular e do eofilo apresentou poucas alterações em solo contaminado. Conclui-se que A. edulis não foi afetada pelo solo contaminado e biorremediado, apresentando potencial para fitorremediação.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the effect of petroleum-contaminated and bioremediated soils on germination, growth and anatomical structure of Allophylus edulis. We tested oil-contaminated soil, bioremediated soil and non-contaminated soil. We evaluated germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), biomass and length of roots and shoots, total biomass, root and hypocotyl diameter, thickness of eophylls and cotyledons, leaf area, eophyll stomatal index and seedling anatomy. Germination percentage, GSI, biomass and leaf area did not differ between treatments after 30 days. Root biomass and plant height were lower in the noncontaminated treatment. Root biomass and leaf area differed between treatments after 60 days. Thickness of cotyledons was higher in bioremediated soil than in other treatments. Root and eophyll structure showed little variation in contaminated soil. We conclude that A. edulis was not affected by petroleum in contaminated and bioremediated soils and that this species has potential for phytoremediation.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se o solo com óleo diesel altera a estrutura da raiz e do eofilo de plântulas de S. commersoniana (Euphorbiaceae) e S. terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae). Para cada espécie foram testados três tratamentos com solo contaminado e um solo controle, não contaminado. Os tratamentos diferiram pelo tempo entre a contaminação e a semeadura. S. commersoniana foi semeada 60, 120 e 210 dias e S. terebinthifolius 30, 90 e 180 dias após a contaminação. As amostras de raiz e eofi lo foram coletadas 30 dias após a semeadura, fixadas e processadas segundo técnicas convencionais para anatomia vegetal e analisadas de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. Plântulas de S. commersoniana e S. terebinthifolius, em solo com óleo diesel, apresentaram alterações anatômicas na raiz e eofilo. O intervalo de tempo entre a contaminação e a semeadura interferiu na fitotoxicidade do solo. Isto é, quanto maior o intervalo de tempo entre a contaminação e a semeadura, menores foram as alterações anatômicas. As plântulas de S. terebinthifolius pareceram mais resistentes à contaminação por óleo diesel do que as de S. commersoniana.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the diesel contaminated soil alters the structure of the root and eophyll of S. commersoniana (Euphorbiaceae) and S. terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae) seedlings. For each species three treatments with contaminated soil were tested, and compared to a control of uncontaminated soil. The treatments differed by the time between contaminations and sowing. S. commersoniana was sown 60, 120 and 210 days and S. terebinthifolius 30, 90 and 180 days after contamination. Samples of root and eophyll were collected 30 days after sowing and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Seedlings of S. commersoniana and S. terebinthifolius, grown in diesel contaminated soil, had their root and eophyll anatomy modifi ed. The time interval between contamination and sowing interferes with the soil phytotoxicityl. When greater the time interval between contamination and sowing lower were the anatomical changes. Seedlings of S. terebinthifolius seemed more resistant to contamination than those of S. commersoniana.

RESUMO A demanda de petróleo e derivados provoca acidentes que contaminam extensas áreas. A maioria dos trabalhos sobre os efeitos dessa contaminação refere-se à germinação e desenvolvimento vegetal, pouco se sabendo sobre os efeitos na estrutura de tecidos e células. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o efeito do solo contaminado por petróleo e solo biorremediado na anatomia de plântulas de Mimosa pilulifera (Leguminosae). O experimento foi realizado com solo da REPAR/PETROBRÁS, Araucária-PR, onde ocorreu um vazamento de petróleo em 2000. O experimento constou de três tratamentos: solo contaminado com petróleo, solo biorremediado e solo não contaminado, com cinco repetições. Após 30 dias da semeadura, foram analisados anatomicamente a raiz, hipocótilo, cotilédone e eofilo e realizados testes microquímicos com sudan III, lugol e cloreto férrico. Mensuraram-se: diâmetro do cilindro vascular e espessura do córtex da raiz, diâmetro do hipocótilo e espessura dos cotilédones e eofilos. A estrutura celular radicial de M. pilulifera sofreu maior interferência no solo contaminado que no biorremediado. Na parte aérea, a única alteração foi a redução da espessura do eofilo em solo contaminado.

ABSTRACT The demand of oil and its derivatives have provoked accidents, contaminating areas of the planet. The majority of are relative to the effect in seed germination and plant development. Little is known on the effect of the hydrocarbons in the structure of the tissues and plant cells. This work intends to analyse the effect of the ground contaminated by oil and the bioremediated ground on the anatomy of seedlings of Mimosa pilulifera. The experiment was carried through with ground proceeding of the REPAR/PETROBRÁS, Araucária-PR, where a leak of oil occurred in 2000. The experiment consisted of three treatments: petroleum contaminated soil, bioremediated soil and non contaminated soil, with five repetitions. Thirty days after sowing, 10 seedlings were collected per treatment. The root, the hipocotyl, the cotyledon and the eophyll were analysed anatomically and were submitted to histochemical tests with Sudan III, lugol and ferric chloride. The diameter of the vascular cylinder and the thickness of the cortex of the root, the diameter of the hipocotyl and the thickness of the cotyledons and eophylls were measured. The cellular structure of the root of M. pilulifera suffered greater interference in the contaminated soil that the biorremediated. In shoots, the only change was the reduction in the thickness of eophyll in contaminated soil.

The vascular system in the rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) is arranged in three distinct systems: an inner system that form the principal vascular system of the rhizome, an intermediated system originating a thin camada of anastomosing vascular strands, having direct contact with the inner system and an outer system free of the anastomosis with the another vascular systems. The intermediated and inner system are associated with the root insertion and whole systems are relacioned with the formation of bud adventicious maintaing the same pattern of the rhizome and the communication between the outer and inner system occurs through the bridging to inner system leaf traces.